a';Apftdufcfref;onf ayusif; wdkif;rf r*¾Zif;tpdk;&Xmeu tBuD;tuJ? pma&;q&m? *sme,f vpf(owif;axmuf)ESifh EdkifiHjcm;a&;&m twdkifyifcHwpfOD; jzpfygonf/ xkdolonf w½kwfjynfol or®wEdkifiHESifhygwfoufí EdkifiHaygif;ig;q,fxufrenf;aomEdkifiHrsm;qDodkY owif;tcsuftvuf rsm;udk pD&ifcHwifjychJonfrSm q,fpkESpfESpfESpfausmfcefY BudK;pm;aqmif&GufcJholjzpfygonf/ tdufcfref; u ]]a,½Iocifonf ayusif;NrdKUwGif&Sdonf/}}[laomacgif;pD;ESifh pmtkyfudk a&;om;cJholjzpf yg onf/ (Regnery Publishing, Inc , 2003) þpmtkyfu c&pf,mefbmomonf w½kwfjynfolYor®w EdkifiHtm; wdk;wufajymif;vJapNyD; ?urÇmh&ifabmifwef; ajymif;vJjcif;t&Sdeft[kefudk jrifhrm;wdk;wuf apygonf[k a&;om;az:jyxm;ygonf/ yxracgif;pD;taejzifh ]]a,½Iocifonf ayusif;NrdKUodkY <uvmonf}} [laomacgif;pOfjzifh a&;om;az:jycJhonf/ tdufcfref;u ayusif;NrdKUü&Sdaom China’s main research institute ? w½kwfEdkifiH trsKd;om;okawoe zGHUNzdK;a&;odyÜHESifh The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ? w½kwftrsKd;om;odyÜHausmif;awmfBuD;rS ynm&SifwpfOD;\ a&;om;csufrsm;udk udk;um; azmfjy a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ þwGif uGefjrLepf0g' w½kwfvlrsKd;ynm&Sif u 2002 ckESpf tar&duefEdkifiHom; urÇmhvSnfhc&D;oGm;rsm;tm; ajymjyjcif;onf thHtm;oifh p&myif? ¤if;ajymMum; csufxJwGif todynm&Sif twwfynm&Sifrsm;u uGefjrLepf0g'vTrf;rdk;aom w½kwfEdkifiHwGif c&pf,mef bmom0ifrsm;wdkYtm; wHcg;zGifhajymMum;onfudk atmufygtwdkif; awGUjrif&ygonf/ xdkynm&SifBuD; ajymMum;&mwGif?

]]urÇmay:wGif ausmfMum;íav;pm;&avmufatmif atmifjrifaeaom tajc taewpf&yfudk tzufzufu pOf;pm;oHk;oyfrdMu\/ uREkfyfwdkYonf ordkif; aMumif;udkavhvmNyD; jzpfonf/ EdkifiHa&; ordkif;aMumif;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;ordkif; aMumif;? ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&mordkif;aMumif;tm;vHk; avhvmoifhoavmuf avh vmNyD;jzpfygonf/ OD;pGm oifwdkY(tar&duef)\ vufeuftiftm; awmihfwif; cdkifrmrIuvnf; uRekfyfwdkYxuf tvGefomaeayonf/ NyD;aemuf oifwkdY\ EkdifiHa&;enf;AsL[monfvnf; uREkfyfwdkYxuf omvGefaeayonf/ aemufNyD; oifwkdY\pD;yGm;a&;cdkifrmawmihfwif;rIonfvnf; uREkfyfwdkYxuf omvGefae onf/ vGefcJhaomESpfESpfq,fuwnf;u oifwkdY\,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m ESvHk;om; tajccHonf (c&pf,mef)bmomjzpfonf/ c&pf,mefbmomudk tajccHaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh taemufEdkifiHonf zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufaeonfudk awGU&onf/ c&pf,mef bmomqdkif&m usifh0wfudktajccH xm;MuaomaMumifh t&if;&SifpepfrS 'Drdkua& pDpepf EdkifiHa&;toGifajymif;vJaeonfudk txift&Sm; awGU&ygonf/ (David Aikman ) Jesus in Beijing, Regnery, 2003, P.5 )ü azmfjyxm;aom taMumif;t&mtm;vHk;tay: bmqdkbmrS oHo,yGm;p&m rvdkay}} [l\/

]]oifwkdY tar&duef\ ,Ofaus;rIqdk&m ESvHk;om;tajccHonf c&pf,mefbmomw&m;udk tajc cHjcif;jzpfonf/ 'ghaMumifh urÇmay:0,f tiftm;BuD;EdkifiHjzpfvmonfudk uREkfyfwdkY pdk;pdrQ oHo, yGm;p&myifr&Sdyg}} xdkaumufEkwfcsufonf w½kwftrsKd;om; vlrIa&;odyÜHausmif;awmfu ynm&Sif wpfOD;xHrS pkpnf;wifjycsufjzpfonf/ tar&duefEdkifwuúodkvf (aliberal college Professor )uvnf; c&pf,mefbmomw&m; udkif;½Idif;aomaMumifh ,aeY tar&duefEdkifiHonf tzufzufrS atmifjrifaeonf[laomtqdkudk oabmwl twnfjyKygonf/ tar&duef avmuD ynm&yfqdkif&m wuúodkvfygarmu©rsm;twGufawmh &,fcsifp&maumif;ayrnf/ uGefjrLepf0g' vTrf;rdk;aom w½kwf jynfolYor®wEdkifiH? EdkifiHa&;okawoDwdkY txift&Sm;jrifawGU&aom c&pf,mef bmomonfomvQif EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHudk wdk;wufajymif;vJaponf[laomtjrifudk tar&duefynm&Sifrsm; rawGUjrifMuay/

xdktaMumif;udpöESifh pyfvsOf;í w½kwfynm&Sifrsm; ajymMum;cJhonfrSm vGefcJhaom (12)ESpf uwnf;u pwifNyD; rawmfwqxdcdkufepfemrIrsm; wpfckNyD;wpfckjzpfay:vmNyD; EdkifiHpD;yGm;a&; onfvnf; BuD;rm;aomxdkusqif;rI BuHKcJh&ygonf/ aomif;ESDcsDí tar&duefjynfolrsm; tvkyfvufrJh jzpf&Muygonf/ þtcsdefwGif tar&duefjynfolrsm; tvkyfvufrJhjzpf&Muygonf/ þtcsdefwGif tar&duefjynfol^om;rsm;u rsm;rMumrSDESpfrsm;wGif w½kwfEdkifiHonf tar&duefxuf urÇmay:wGif tiftm;BuD;EdkifiHjzpfvmawmhrnfudk od&SdvmMuygNyD/ tb,faMumifhenf;? EdkifiHawmfBuD;wpfppD wpfpqD qkwf,kwfNydKvJ&jcif;\taMumif;&if;u rnfonfht&menf; ? tajzrSm½dk;&Sif;vSygonf/ w½kwfEdkifiHodkY c&pfawmfocifxHodkY OD;vSnfhvmMuNyD;? tar&duefEdkifiHonf ewfqdk;0dnmOfqdk;rsm;xH odkY ajymif;vJOD;vSnfhaeaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif? vlonf tb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

wpfem&DvQif vlaygif; 1200cefYaomolwkdYonf c&pf,mefjzpfvmMuonf[k trsKd;rsKd;aom ajympum;t& Mum;ae&ygonf/ wpfaeYvQif vlaygif; (30000)cefY ajymif;vJMuNyD; wpfESpfvQ vlaygif; (10)oef;cefY c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfvmMuonf/ ,ck uREkfyfþw&m;a'oemawmf a[mMum; pOfyif w½kwfEdkifiHü vlaygif;oef;(100)ausmfonf c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfaeMuayrnf/ em&Dwdkif;ü wpfaxmifausmfwdk;yGm;vmMuNyD; wpfaeYvQif (24)em&D&Sdaeygonfr[kwfvm;/ þtcsdef urÇmtESHU tjym; 0dnmOfa&;&mEdk;xrIjzpfaom tcsdefumvyifjzpfonf/

w½kwfEdkifiHonf c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm; wdk;yGm;aomEdkifiHwpfcktaeESifh &yfwnfaeNyD; uREkfyfwdkY tar&duESifh taemufEdkifiHrsm;onf usqHk;csdefESifh BuHK&onfrSm tb,faMumifhenf;? tajz onf ½dk;&Sif;pGmxyfrHí awGU&ygrnf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif? vlonf tb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

tar&duefESifh taemufEdkifiHwdkYü c&pf,meftoufwm wpfppDwpfppD ysufpD;aeMuonf/ vlrIa&;t½IyftaxG;? pm&dwåysufjym;jcif;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;&m ½IyfaxG;rIrsm; &Sdvmygonf/ tckvdk jzpf& jcif;\ taMumif;&if;rSm or®musrf;pmawmfudk vspfvsL½Ixm;MuNyD;? ¤if;usrf;pmudk wdkufcdkufae aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ xdkxdk;eufcsufawGu uREkfyfwdkY rdom;pkrsm; ysufpD;jcif;cHMu&onf/ vli,f vl&G,frsm;[m txD;usefqef&MuNyD; rdom;pkrsm; usKd;aMuoGm;Mu&\/ xkduJhodkYjzpf&jcif;onf c&pf,meftoufwm vufawGUusifhoHk;rI r&Sdawmhí jzpfygonf/ tar&duef&Sdvli,frsm; rdom;pkESifh tqufjyefawmuf&MuNyD; vrf;ay: vSnfhvnfoGm;vmae&Muonf/ xdkodkYjzpf&jcif;onf avmuD ynma&;aumvdyfygarmu©rsm;u c&pf,mefbmomudk wdkufcdkufaeMuíjzpfonf/ xdkwdkufcdkufrIu EdkifiHawmfudk wpfppDjzKdcGJaponf/ ¤if;taMumif;udpöwpfckwnf;udk u,fwifajz&Sif;zdkY vdkaeygNyD/

tar&duefEdkifiHü uREkfyfwdkYtoif;awmfwdkif; 'ku©aygif;rsm;pGmESifh &ifqdkifae&MuygNyD/ (1950)ckESpf uREkffyfvli,fav;t&G,f aemufaMumif;udkjyefMunfhygu ESpfjcif;toif;awmfwdkif; we*FaEGaeYnaeydkif; tpnf;ta0;udk yHkrSefjyKvkyfavh&Sdygonf/ tckqdkvQif we*FaEGnaeydkif;0wfjyK tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfaom (Fundamantalist) or®musrf;pmygtcsuftvuftwdkif; jyKusihfaqmif&Guf olrsm;wdkYudk awGYcJvSayNyD/ tar&duefEdkifiHü a&SUusaom (Fundamantal) ausmif;awmf trIawmf aqmifwOD;qDokdY trsKd;orD;i,fu zef;jzifhar;jref;cJhonf/ trSefwu,f we*FaEGaeY naeydkif;0wfjyK tpnf;ta0;tNrJ&Sdaom (Fundamantal) toif;udk odcsifíjzpfonf/ toif;awmfaygif; &mESifhcsDNyD; vlOD;a&aygif; oef;ESifhcsDí&Sdaom NrdKUüwe*FaEGaeYnaeydkif; 0wfjyKtpnf;ta0;jyKaom bk&m;ausmif; [lí r&Sdyg[k xkdtrIawmfaqmifu rdef;uav;tm; ajymvdkuf\/

we*FaEGnaeydkif;0wfjyKtpnf;ta0;udk rjyKonfomruyJ? rSefuefpGmqkawmif;jcif; tpnf; ta0;vnf; jyKolwdkYvnf; &Sm;ygoavmuf rawGU&awmhayNyD/ olwkdYwGif(Awana,) &Sdaumif;&Sdayrnf/ toif;awmf"r®oHpHkrsm; oDqdkaumif;oDqdkMuayrnf/ Ak'¨[l;aeYn usrf;pmavhvmjcif; tpDtpOfrsm; &Sdaumif;&Sdayrnf/ ppfrSefaomqkawmif;tpnf;ta0;onf twdwfü aemufususef&pfNyDjzpfaom ypönf;OpömuJhodkY ,aeYtoif;awmfü xdkuJhokdY jzpfaeayNyD/

{0Ha*vdvkyfief; tajctaeaum tb,fodkYenf;? r,HkMunfolrsm;tm; xdxda&mufa&muf {0Ha*vdvkyfief;pOf aqmif&Gufaom toif;awmfrnfrQ&Sdoenf;? tvGefenf;yg;ygonf/ a'gufwm *sdrf;a'gqefajymMum;ouJhodkY ]]ajymifa&TUaomtoif;ol^om;rsm;om toif;awmfüwdk;yGm;vmonf/}} [lí ajymcJhonf/ (Focus on the family newsletter, August 1998, P.2). wenf;tm;jzifh tdkNyD;aom toif;om;^olrsm;udk cdk;,laomtoif;awmfrsm;om wdk;yGm;Muonf/ rnfuJhodkY aysmufqHk;0dnmOfrsm;udk topfwzefajymif;vJatmif rnfuJhodkYBudK;pm;aqmif&Guf&rnfudk rodem; rvnfMuacs/

xdkYaMumifh wu,fta&;BuD;aom {0Ha*vdvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk tar&duef&Sd toif;awmfrsm; arharsmhaeMuayNyD/ ]]or®musrf;pmodkY jyefvnfoGm;MuygpdkY}} [kajymMum;cJhaom a'gufwm0k'f*dk;c½dku ajymMum;onfrSm ]]or®musrf;pmawmfjrwf\ acgif;pOfonf ''The vanishing ministry'' omoemawmfuG,faysmufzdkY&ef r[kwfyJ ¤if;onf 0rf;enf;zG,ftrSm;wpfckyifjzpfonf/ (Woodrow kroll, Th.D. The Vanishing ministry, kregel publication, 1991, P.10)

aMumufrufzG,faumif;atmif tar&duef&Sdtoif;awmfrsm; 0dnmOfa&;&majcmufaoGUaeNyD; xifxif &Sm;&Sm; aysmufuG,fvkrwwfjzpfaeayNyD/ bmaMumifh xdkuJhodkY jzpf&oenf;? bk&m;ocifonf tar&d uefEdkifiHudk w&m;pD&ifaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif? vlonf tb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

w½kwfEdkifiHonf c&pfawmfocifxHodkY OD;vSnfhvmNyD;? tar&duefEdkifiHonf c&pfawmfocifxHrS ta0;odkYz,fa&SmifaeayNyD/ (neo-Paganism) rdpäm'd|dvTrf;rdk;aom tarSmifxkacwf ,aeY tar&duefEdkifiHü usa&mufaeayNyD/ vli,frsm;cifAsm; oifwkdY\tem*gwfarQmfvifhp&mtzkdY w½kwf jynfodkY oGm;a&muf&SmazGp&mrvdkyg/ þtar&duefEdkifiH avmhpftdef*s,fvdwfNrdKUüyif c&pfawmfocif udk oifwkdYawGUqHkEdkifygonf/ bk&m;&Sif\ aus;Zl;u½kPmawmfonf oifhtay:odkY oufa&muf wnf&Sdrnfqdkygu ]]tb,faMumifh txD;usefqefae&rSmvJ}} 'gaMumihf uRekfyfajymaewmayghAsm? oifhrdwfaqGrsm;&Sd&m tvif;awmfodkYom <uvSrf;cJhyg/ tb,faMumifh taysmufcHae&rnfenf;? bk&m;ocif\om;awmf&Sd&m toif;awmfodkY <uvSrf;cJhprf;yg/ avmhpftdef*s,fvdwfNrdKU toif;awmfü vnf; c&pfawmfbk&m;udk oifawGUqHkedkifygw,f/ oef;aygif;csDNyD; bk&m;&SifxHu tjypfcGifhvTwfjcif; cHaeí bk&m;&SifxHyg;u qkaus;Zl;cHpm;ae&Muaom w½kwfvlrsKd;rsm;uJhodkY oifvnf; þtoif; awmfü awGUBuHKcHpm;Edkifygw,f/ wJawmfESpfjcif;toif;awmfodkY <uvSrf;vmNyD; a,½Ibk&m;ESifh qHkawGU vdkufyg/

tenf;i,faomolwkdYuomvQif þw&m;a'oemawmfudk pdwf0ifpm; em;axmifMu ayrnf/ oifwdkY em;raxmifzdkYvdkaomtaMumif;u &Sif;aewmyJr[kwfvm;/ Ekwfuywfawmf rdefYawmf rlonfrSm?

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif? vlonf tb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

a,½kqvifNrdKUü edaum'ifESifh pum;tacstwifajymqdkNyD;aemuf a,½IESifhwynfhawmfwdkY onf aus;vufa'oodkY vSnfhvnfMuonf/ a,½Ionf aemifwESifhqdkifaom {0Ha*vdw&m;udka[m Mum;NyD; olwynfhawmfrsm;u ESpfjcif;r*Fvmudkay;Muonf/ AwådZHq&ma,m[efonfvnf; rvSrf;rurf;ü ESpfjcif;r*Fvmudk ay;vQufaeygonf/ a,½Iaemufvdkufwynfhawmfrsm;u ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[ef ESpfjcif;ay;onfxufomvGefí rsm;jym;aeaomaMumifh pum;tacstwif jiif;cHkrI&SdcJhonf/ a,½I \wynfhawmfrsm;u rsm;pGmaomvlwdkYtm; ESpfjcif;ay;aeonfudk a,m[ef\ wynfhawmfwdkYtzdkY qdk;&Gm;pGmaomcHpm;rI jzpfapcJhonf/ or®musrf;pmawmfü a,m[efu aemufvkdufwynfhawmfwdkYtm; a,½Ibk&m;\ atmifjrifjcif;udk apm'uwufp&mrvdk[k owday;ajymMum;cJhonf/ vlwdkif;tzdkY xl;jcm;aomqkaus;Zl;toD;oD; ay;xm;ygonf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif? vlonf tb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

aumif;uifbHkonf bk&m;ocifzefqif;jcif;onf(0g) bk&m;ocifxHrS vmonf/ (John Begel , New Testament Commentary , Kregel, 1981 reprint valume I, p.577).

]]0dnmOfawmfESifh jynfh0aomtoufwmonf bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmftay:tajccHNyD; rajymif;rvJ vkdufavQmufjcif;onf a,bk,strSefw&m;(0g) or®w&m;enf;vrf;yifjzpfonf/}}[lí rufo½l;[efeeDu aumufEkwfxm;ygonf/(matthew Henry, Commentary on the whole Bible , Hendrickson, 1991, reprint volume 5, p 720)

þÞa,bk,strSefw&m;onf opfaomtoufwmajymif;vJa&;twGuf tuREkfyftoHk;jyK aeygonf/ þ&Sif;vif;csufrsm;u w½kwfvlrsKd;trsm;tjym;wdkYtm; c&pfawmfbk&m;ocifxH OD;vSnfh vmzdkY&ef taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/ tar&duefrlum; 0dnmOftarSmifxkxJatmuf xdk;usaeNyD jzpfonf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif? vlonf tb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

ppfrSefaomtoufwmajymif;vJjcif;[lonf ]]pGrf;tm;}}tay:ü rlwnfaejcif;r[kwfyg/ multi-media presentation ? owif;pHkwifqufaejcif;? Purposendrion church growth gimmicks, toif;awmfwdk;wufa&;pmtkyfvrf;nTefrsm;onf vludkvSnfhpm;aomt&mrsm;om jzpf onf/ ,aeY tar&duefEdkifiHonf xdkodkYaom wefqmyvmrsm;udk toHk;jyKzkdY&nf&G,faeNyD/ xdkt&m rsm;oHk;jcif;jzifh wpfyg;olwdkYtm; ajymif;vJapEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/ w½kwfEdkifiHwGif rdom;pkk toif;awmf jzpfygap? a[mif;EGrf;aeNyDjzpfaom "r®oD;oHpOfrsm;ESifh a[mif;EGrf;qkwfJjywfaeNyD;jzpfaom or®musrf;pmrsm;udk om toHk;jyKae&ygaomfvnf; wpfem&DtwGif; vlaygif; (1200)cefY w½kwfEdkifiHwGif toufwm jyKjyifajymif;vJaeMuNyD jzpfygonf/ uREkfyfMum;od&onfrSm bk&m;rJh0g' aysmufuG,foGm;onftxd BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifMuzdkY arQmfvihfaeMuygonf[k tar&duefvltcsKdUwdkY ajymoHudk Mum;&ygonf/ 'gaMumifh tcsKdUaomtar&duefk c&pf,mefwdkYu w½kwfEdkifiHodkY oGm;a&mufNyD; ]]oifMum;}} ay;Muonf/ odkYaomfvnf; xkduJhodkY r[kwfyJ ajymif;jyefjzpfapzdkY uRekfyf qkawmif;aeygonf/ bk&m;&Sifu tar&duefq&mwdkY w½kwfEdkifiHc&D;oGm;MuzdkY wm;qD;&ef uREkfyfqkawmif;aeygonf/ xkdolwkdYudk oifMum;ay;zdkY uREkfyfwdkYrvdktyfyg/ olwdkYu wu,fvkyfaqmifzdkY vkdtyfwmyg/ trSefwu,fygyJ uREkfyfwdkY vkyfaqmifzkdY rvdktyfyg/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif? vlonf tb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

jzL&Dwrfusrf;teufzGifhq&mBuD; *Refx&ufyfajymMum;onfrSm ]]vlonf tb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkifyg/ vlü pdwfqif;&J? udk,fqif;&Jjcif;u olYobm0twdkif; jzpfvmonf[k apmapmuxifxm; ouJhodkY usrf;pum;rsm;üvnf; ajrmufrsm;pGmaz:jyxm;ygonf/ (John Trapp , A commentary on the old and new Testament , Transki publications, 1997, reprint, volume 5, p.353) ''A man" [lonf wpfOD;wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifu u,fwifjcif;udk olYtm; ray;tyf cJhbl;qdkygu rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrS r&&SdEdkifyg/ ]]olonf tb,ft&mrQ rcHEdkif&m}} u,fwif jcif;udkyif aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ rcHEdkif&m ]]tb,faMumifh xdkuJhodkY jzpfoenf;?

1/ yxr? u,fwifjcif;odkY ra&mufapjcif;iSg rm&fewfonf oifhESvHk;om;xJu w&m; pum;udk Ekwf,laomaMumifhjzpfonf/

w½kwfEdkifiHü c&pf,mef,HkMunfolwkdYu rm&fewfESifh taygif;tyg;rsm;udk tNrJowdxm;MuNyD; tar&duef&Sd c&pf,mefrsm;rlum; owdrxm;vkeD;yg;jzpfMu\/ b,fawmhrS rdrd&efoltaMumif;udk rpOf;pm;rdjcif;u atmifjrifBuD;&Sdayrnf/

tu,fí u,fwifjcif;cHvdkygu? atmufygtcsufudk od&ygrnf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif? bmrSrcHEdkif}}

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ? rm&fewftaygif;tyg u wefcdk;BuD;rm;aeaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ a,½Ibk&m; rdefYawmfrlonfrSm?

]]vrf;üusaomrsKd;aphum;? w&m;pum;udk Mum;onf&Sdaomf ,HkMunfjcif; u,fwifjcif;odkY ra&mufapjcif;iSg rm&fewfonf vmí w&m;pum;udk ESvHk;xJrS Ekwf,laomoludk qdkvdkownf;}} (&Sifvkum 8;12)/

þonf &,fp&mr[kwfyg/ tu,fí oifonf rajymif;vJao;aomoljzpfrnfqdkygu þw&m;pum;udk *½kpdkufMunfhyg/ oifonf w&m;a'oemawmfudk tacgufwpf&mru Mum;&ygap? oifhtoufwm rajymif;vJyJaeayrnf/ taMumif;rSm rm&fewfu ]]w&m;pum;udk oifhESvHk;xJu Ekwf,laomaMumifh jzpfygonf/}} &Sifvkum 8;12 ü rdefYawmfrlonfrSm rm&fewfü xdkuJhodkY vkyfaqmif Edkifaomwefcdk;&SdaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ waeYaomwe*FaEGaeY ta&;BuD;aom w&m;a'oem tNyD;wGif om;tzESpfa,muftm; a0cGJr&jzpfaeaomtaMumif;t&mtwGuf aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;i&J usa&mufrnfhtaMumif;ESifh a0cGJr&jzpfaeqJyif? tcsdefMumMum aqG;aEG;wdkifyif NyD;aemuf xdkom;tzESpfOD;onf aoapavmufaomtrSm;udk xyfíjypfrIusL;vGefMu\/ aocsm onfrSm xkdolwdkYonf xdktaMumif;t&mtay: pdwfyifrxm;yJ idkufrsOf;aeaomaMumifh jzpfrnf/ taMumif;rSm rm&fewfu olwkdYESvHk;om;xJu w&m;pum;udk csifcsif;Ekwf,laomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ ¤if;onf yxrtaMumif;w&m;jzpfonf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrS ay;awmfrrlvQif vlonf tb,ftrIudkrQ rcHEdkif&m (a,m[ef 3;27)/

rm&efewfonf w&m;pum;udk oif\eSvHk;xJuEkwf,lzkdY&ef wefcdk;BuD;rm;aomoljzpfonf/ ]]w&m;pum;udk Mum;onf&Sdaomf ,kHMunfjcif;? u,fwifjcif;odkY a&mufonf}}[k (vkum 8;12)ü az:jyonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;Ekwfjcif;aus;Zl;uomvQif rm&fewf\OmPfeDOmPfeuftay: wefcdk; zHk;vTrf;Edkifonf/ vlom;0dnmOfudk u,fwifEdkifonf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif vlonf tb,ftrIudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

]]tHMozG,faus;Zl;awmf}} "r®oD;csif;udk oDqdkonf/

aus;Zl;arwåm? tHhzG,fcsKdom
tjypfom;ighudku,f&Sm
aysmufqHk;&mrS jyefawGUcJhNyD
uef;aomrsufpdjrifNyD/
(1825 – 1807? *Refe,lwef oDuHk;aom tHhMozG,faus;Zl;awmf)/

2/ 'kwd,? oif\aoaMuysufpD;oGm;aom twGif;ESvHk;om;u w&m;pum;ukd Ekwf,l aomaMumifhjzpfonf/

aus;Zl;w&m;r&dSyJ? aoaMuysufpD;oGm;aom oifhESvHk;om;u w&m;pum;udk cdkifcdkifrmrm rqkyfudkifEdkifawmhojzihf c&pfawmfxHodkY rcsOf;uyfEdkifawmhay/ ykyfodk;aeaom vlaoavmif;u vrf; ravQmufEdkifawmhyg/ enf;wl tjypfüaoaeaom rdwfaqGonfvnf; c&pfawmfocifxH oifhudk oGm;a&mufzdkY rjzpfEdkifyg/ aus;Zl;jyKí a,m[ef 6;44 udk rwfwyf&yfvQuf toHus,fus,f zwfMum;MuygpdkY/

]]ighudkapvTwfawmfrlaom crnf;awmfonf aoG;aqmifawmf rrlvQif tb,folrQ ighxHodkY rvmEdkif/ vmaomoludk aemufqHk;aomaeYü igjyef&Sifaprnf/ (a,m[ef 6;44)

tm;vHk;xdkifEdkifMuygNyD/ ]]crnf;awmfonf aoG;aqmifawmfrrlvQif tb,folrQ ighxHokdY rvm Edkif}} þusrf;u odyfNyD;½dk;&Sif;vSygonf/ oifonf ]]'kp½dkuftjypfü aovQuf&Sdonf ({zuf 2;5) acgif;ovm;xJu vlaotavmif;u wa&GUa&GUESifh c&pfawmfbk&m;xH wdk;0ifcsOf;uyfzdkY rpGrf; Edkifyg/

pyg*sefu rMumcPajymMum;ouJhodkY vlonf aoaMuysufpD;aeaom rdrd\b0tjzpfrSefudk rodyJ topfaomowå0gjzpfrvmEdkif[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ oifonf aysmufqHk;aomoljzpfaMumifh oifhudkoif od&ygrnf/ qdkvdkonfrSm oif\qkawmif;jcif;u oifhudkrpír&[l\/ oifudk oifMum; orQonfvnf; oifhudkulnDrprI rjyKEdkifyg/ oifhudkoif aumif;atmifvkyfaqmifEdkifzkdY qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfjcif;[lívnf; r&SdEdkifay/ oifonf aysmufqHk;aomoljzpfaomaMumifhjzpf\/ tjypfü aoaeol jzpfíjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfu aoG;aqmifawmfrrlvQif tb,folrQ ighxHodkYrvmEdkfi}} tu,fí bk&m;&Sifu oif\vuf&Sdae&mü oifhtm; qufxm;rnfqdkygu oifonf ysufpD;jcif;i&JxJ usay rnf/ oifhudkoifh u,fwifír&yg/ oif\ xm0&touf&Sifjcif;udkvnf; oifhudkoif rzefwD;Edkifyg/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif vlonf tb,ftrIudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

]]tHMozG,faus;Zl;awmf}} "r®oD;csif;udk oDqdkonf/

aus;Zl;arwåm? tHhzG,fcsKdom
tjypfom;ighudku,f&Sm
aysmufqHk;&mrS jyefawGUcJhNyD
uef;aomrsufpdjrifNyD/
(1825 – 1807? *Refe,lwef oDuHk;aom tHhMozG,faus;Zl;awmf)/

3/ wwd,? oif\aoaMuysufpD;oGm;aom oifESvHk;om;u oifonf tjypfüaoaeaMumif; udk rodEkdifaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfudk z,fa&Smifaernfqdkygu oifonf bk&m;ocifxH rsufarSmuf –awmfü tjypfjynfhESufaeoljzpfaMumif; odem;vnfEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/ oefY&Sifa;om0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;awmfuomvQif rdrd\tjypfudk jrifEdkifpGrf;NyD; ¤if;tjypfudk rkef;wD;apjcif;udk xif&Sm;pGm ay;jcif;jzpfygonf/

a,½Ibk&m;u oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfuomvQif oifhtjypfrsm;udk yJhjyifqH;rNyD; oifonf aysmufqHk;aeaomol[k xif&Sm;aprnf[lí rdefYMum;cJhygonf/

]]OyZÑm,fq&monf a&mufvmvQif 'kp½dkuftjypfrsm;udk¤if;? tjypfwifjcif;udkvnf; avmuD om;wkdYtm; xif&Sm;pGmaz:jyrnf/ (a,m 16;8)

bk&m;&Sifu oif\tjypfrsm; pwifíxif&Sm;pOfwGif oifonf oifhtjypfrsm;taMumif; pwifí awG;awmuvmygvdrfhrnf/ oifhtjypfrsm;udk bk&m;ocifu xdxda&mufa&muf az:jyygu oifonf twGif;ESvHk;om;xJü pwifí tjypfom;jzpfrSef; odvmygvdrfhrnf/ þonf oifrajymif;vJ ao;aom taMumi;f&if;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ oifonf tjypfom;jzpfonf[k az:xkwfEdkfif&ef oifü vHkavmufaom pGrf;&nf r&Sdyg/ taMumif;rSm tjypf\pm&if;onf bk&m;ocifüom&Sdonf/ xdktjypfrsm;u oifhtm; rD;i&JodkY usa&mufaprnfjzpfonf/ odkYayr,hf bk&m;&Sifu oif\tjypfudk xif&Sm;pGm raz:jyygu tjypfonfodyfta&;rBuD;yg[k oifawG;awmxifaeayvdrhfrnf/ oifhudkoif tjypfuif;&Sif;vmonfh txd tjypfudkaq;aMumzdkY oifrwwfEdkifyg/ bk&m;&Sifwpfyg;uomvQif oif\tjypfudk az:jyygrnf/

]]aumif;uifbHkrSay;awmfrrlvQif vlonf tb,ftrIudkrQ rcHEdkif&m}} (a,m[ef 3;27)

]]tHMozG,faus;Zl;awmf}} "r®oD;csif;udk oDqdkonf/

aus;Zl;arwåm? tHhzG,fcsKdom
tjypfom;ighudku,f&Sm
aysmufqHk;&mrS jyefawGUcJhNyD
uef;aomrsufpdjrifNyD/
(1825 – 1807? *Refe,lwef oDuHk;aom tHhMozG,faus;Zl;awmf)/

4/ pwkw¬? oif\aoaMuaysmufqHk;oGm;aom oifhESvHk;om;yuwdu a,½Ic&pfawmfudk jiif;qefaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

a,½Ionf ocifjzpfaMumif; oif\aoaMuaeaom ESvHk;om;u jiif;qefaeaomaMumifh oifhudkoif u,fwif,lír&Edkifyg/ "gwfqDESifha&udka&mNyD; toHk;jyKír&ovdkyif/ ESpfrsKd;pvHk;u oD; jcm;jzpfaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/enf;wl aoaMuaeaomoifhESvHk;om;ESifh a,½Ic&pfawmfüaygif;pyfí r&Edkifyg/ rnfonhft&myif oifjyKapumrl oif\aoaMuaeaomESvkH;om;jzifh a,½Iudk vufcH,lí r&ovdk ]]aygif;pyfí}} r&Edkifyg/ taMumif;rSm aoaeaomESvHk;om;u a,½IESifhuGJuGmaom aMumifhyif jzpfonf/ rdrd\Zmwdoabmjzihf rnfonfhenf;vrf;jzifh a,½Iudk&SmazGí r&Edkifyg/

aus;Zl;jyKí 1aum 2;14 udk twlwuG rwfwyf&yfvsuf toHus,fus,f zwfMum;MuygpdkY/

]]Zmwdyuwdvlonf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmft&mwkdYudk rcH,l? xdkt&mwdkYonf rdkufrJaom t&mjzpfonf[k xifwwf\/ xdkt&mwkdYudk 0dnmOfawmf tm;jzifhom ydkif;jcm;í em;vnfEdkifaom aMumifh Zmwdyuwdvlonf em;rvnfEdkif/}} (1aum 2;14)

tm;vHk;xdkifEdkifMuygNyD/

]]Zmwdyuwdvl}} ¤if;onf oif\e*dkae&myifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ obm0vGefwefcdk; awmfu oifhtxJodkY rudef;0yfyJ? oif\e*dkae&mjzifh a,½Ibk&m;ESifh u,fwifjcif;udk oifrodEdkifay/ obm0vGefwefcdk;awmfu oifhtxJü udef;0yfawmfrlNyD; vkyfaqmifrSomvQif oifonf a,½IxJodkY wdk;0if;EdkifrnfjzpfNyD;? tu,fí 0dnmOfawmfudef;0yfjcif;r&SdyJ a,½IocifxH oifcsOf;uyfEdkif&ef r[kwf ay/ oif\e*dkae&mae&mü &Sdaejcif;jzifh oifhtjypfrsm;udk taoG;awmftm;jzifh aq;aMum oefYpif Edkifrnfr[kwfyg/ a,½IxHodkYcsOf;uyfEdkif&ef bk&m;ocifuomvQif oifhtm; aoG;aqmifaejcif; jzpfonf/ oifhudkoif BudK;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh a,½Ijzifh awGUqHkEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ tjypfüom &Sd&rnfjzpfí tjypf\tzdk;tcjzpfaom aojcif;i&Jü usa&mufrnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifu yg0ifygwfoufrIr&Sd? aoG;aqmifjcif;r&Sdygu oifonf u,fwif&Sifa,½IxH csOf;uyfEdkifrnf r[kwfyg/

]]aumif;uifrSay;awmfrrlvQif? vlonftb,ft&mudkrQ rcHEdkif&m (a,m 3;25)

tdk? oifhtzdkY uREkfyfwdkYonf tm;BuD;vQuf qkawmif;ay;aeygonf/ a,½IocifxH csOf;uyfNyD; oif\tjypfrsm;udk taoG;awmfESifh aq;aMumoefYpifzdkY&efay;ygonf/ tmrif/ ]]tHMozG,faus;Zl;awmf}} "r®oD;csif;udk oDqdkonf/

aus;Zl;arwåm? tHhzG,fcsKdom
tjypfom;ighudku,f&Sm
aysmufqHk;&mrS jyefawGUcJhNyD
uef;aomrsufpdjrifNyD/

a'oemed*Hk;
a'gufwmtdkifrm\ w&m;a'oemudk tifwufeufpmrsufESm tywfwdkif; zwf½IEdkif
onf/www.realconversion.com ESdyfyg ]]w&m;a'oempmrl}}

You may email Dr. Hymers at rlhymersjr@sbcglobal.net, (Click Here) –
or you may write to him at P.O. Box 15308, Los Angeles, CA 90015.
Or phone him at (818)352-0452.

w&m;a'oemawmfrwdkifcif a'gufwmc&dwfweft,fvfcsefrS &Sifa,m[ef 3; 22-30 udk zwfMum;ay;onf/
w&m;a'oemawmfrwdkifcif rpöwmbif*srifcifudwf*&dwfzpfrS
( a'gufwm*Reftm½dkuf 1725-1807) *Refe,lwef oDuHk;aom
]]tHhzG,faus;Zl;awmf}} [laom "r®oDcsif;udk usL;{ay;ygonf/