xkdYtwGufaMumifh xdrf;jrm;r*FvmaqmifyGJyHk Oyrmüazmfjyxm;onfh ouJhodkYtrIawmfjrwfudk aqmif&Guf&ef c&pfawmfbk&m;u wynfhawmfwdkUtm; rdefUMum;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ]]ocifu NrddKUjyifvrf;r NcHem;odkYoGm;OD;avm/ ightdrfudk jynfhapjcif;iSm tEdkiftxufac:oGif;avmh}} (vkum 14;23)/ pm;aomufyGJBuD;odkY ac:zdwfjcif;yHk Oyrmtwkdif; trIawmfjrwfü yg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef c&pfawmfbk&m;u wynhfawmfwdkYtm; rdefUMum;jcif;cJhjyefygonf/ ]]awGUorQaom olwdkUudk yGJodkYac:zdwfMu}} ]]tEdkiftxufac:oGif;Muavmh}} xdkuJhodkY trdefYay;ac:zdwfjcif;yHk Oyrmrsm;onf &SifróJ 28;19-20? &Sifrmuk 16;15? &Sifvkum 24;47? &Sifa,m[ef 20;21? wrefawmf 1;8 ESifh tjcm;usrf;ü azmfjyaom ocifh\ r[mapcdkif;csufrsm;udk raoGrwdrf; vkyfaqmif&efazmfjyvdkufjcif; jzpf\/

]]tEdkiftxufac:oGif;avmh}} [k c&pfawmfbk&m; uREkfyfwdkYtm; rdefUMum;jcif;udk uREkfyfwdkY rnfuJhodkY wkefYjyefvkyfaqmifMurnfenf;? 4if;\tajzonf wrefawmf 2;42? 46-47 ü awGU&onf/ aus;Zl;jyKí rwfwyf&yfvQuf 4if;usrf;yk'fudk toHus,fus,f zwfMum;MuygpdkY/

]]xdkolrsm;onf wrefawmfwdkY\ qHk;rMo0g'udk cHjcif;? taygif;toif;zGJUjcif;? rkefYudkzJh jcif;? yXmejyKjcif;wdkUudk tNrJaqmif&Gufí aeMu\ (wrefawmf 2;42)/

]]xdkolwdkYonfvnf; Adr®mefawmfü aeYwdkif;tpOfwnD wnGwfwnf;aeí udk,ftdrfü rkefUudkzJhvQuf MunfjzL&Tifvrf; 0rf;ajrmufaompdwfESifh tpmt[m&udk oHk;aqmifMu\/ bk&m;ocifudkvnf; csD;rGrf;í vltaygif;wdkYa&SUrSm rsufESmyGifhvrf;jcif;tcGifhudk &Mu\ u,fwifjcif;odkUa&mufaom olwdkUudkvnf; aeYpOfrjywf ocifbk&m;onf oif;0ifap awmfrl\ (wrefawmf 2;46-47)/

tm;vHk;xkdifEkdifMuygNyD/

]]a,½kqvifNrdKUtoif;awmf wdk;yGm;jcif;onf urÇmESifht0Srf; {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; us,fjyefY zdkY tvdkiSm c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm;wdkYtwGuf yHkerlemaumif;usef&pfjcif; jzpfygonf/}} (John R. Rice, D.D., Why Our Churchs Do Not Win Souls, Sword of the Lord Publisers, 1966, P. 25) wrefawmf 2;42 u uREkfyfwdkYtoif;awmftzdkU a,½kqvifNrdKUtoif;awmfwdkY\ 0dnmOfopfrsm; oif;0ifaponfh yHkerlem (4) csyfudk azmfjyxm;ygonf/

1/  wrefawmfwdkY\ qHk;rMo0g'qdkonfrSm wrefawmf0w¦Kü rSwfwrf;wifxm;aom wrefawmfrsm;wdkY\ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;qdkif&m t"dutcsufrsm;ESifh wrefawmfwdkY\ cH,lcsufrsm;udk qdkvkdygonf/

2/  taygif;toif;zGJUjcif;qdkonfrSm *&dwfbmompum;tm;jzifh ''Koinonia" rSvmygonf/ 4if;pum;vHk;\ t"dyÜg,frSm taygif;tazmfrsm; tcsif;csif; rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;? vlrsdK;om;csif;rsm; tcsif;csif; rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;? aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tifaygif;azmfonf[k (W.E. Vine) u t"dyÜg,fjyefqdk\/ vIyf&Sm;rIwGifyg0ifjcif;[k (George Ricker Berry) u t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkonf/ rQa0cHpm;jcif;? aoG;aomuf &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfxm;jzifh aygif;azmfjcif;? ½dkif;yif;ulnDaom taygif;azmfjzpfjcif;? ,HkMunfolc&pf,mef rdwfaqGrsm;wdkY\ a'oEÅ&toif;awmftwGif;ü rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdygonf/

3/  rkefYudkzJhjcif;qkdonfrSm wrefawmf 2;46? t& ocifhnpmpm;yGJxufomvGefaom t"dyÜg,fouf a&muf\/ 4if;\teuft"dyÜg,fonf MunfjzL&Tifvef; 0rf;ajrmufaompdwfESifh tpmt[m&udk oHk;aqmif jcif;udk qdkvdkygonf/

4/  qkawmif;yXmejyKjcif;qdkonfrSm wrefawmfrsm; b,fESpfBudrfavmufqkawmif;Muonfudk wrefawmf0w¦Kü rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;tm; owdjyK&ef jzpfygonf/ qkawmif;tm;BuD;jcif; r&SdcJhygu toif;awmfü oif;0ifolvlopfrsm; tenf;i,fom oif;0ifrnf jzpfygonf/

xdkta&;BuD;aom tcsuf (4) csuftm; uREdkyfwdkY toif;awmfrsm;ü vufawGUtoHk;jyKrnfqdkygu waeYwjcm; topfajymif;vJolrsm;ESifh a&ESpfjcif;cH&olrsm;udk uREkfyfwdkY awGUjrif&rnf jzpfygonf/

c&pfawmfbk&m; vuf0g;um;wdkufay: tjypfom;wdkYtzdkY taocHayjcif;? aojcif;rS &Sifjyefx ajrmufjcif;? topfaomowå0gjzpfvmjcif;ESifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;taMumif;udk wrefawmfrsm;qufwdkuf a[mMum;ouJhodkY ,aeYuREkfyfwdkY toif;awmfrsm;üvnf; a0iSa[majymzdkU vdktyfayNyD/

rsm;aomtm;jzifh tcsdKUoif;tkyfq&mwdkUonf NiD;aiGUzG,faumif;aom usrf;ydk'f (wrefawmfrsm; b,fawmhrS roGefoifrsm;) udk oGefoifMuonf/ odkUwnf;r[kwf ]]rdrd\ t,ltqoabmxm; }} ]]rnfodkYrnfyHk}} (wrefawmfrsm;b,fawmhrS roGefoif) rsm;udk ½dkufoGif;Muonf/ wrefawmfrsm;\ qHk;rMo0g'cH,lcsufrsm;onf ,aeYtoif;awmfrsm;ü trSefwu,fvdkufemzdkY vkdtyfayNyD/ uREkfyfc&pfawmfbk&m;\ {0Ha*vdtoif;aumif;udk tywfwdkif; we*FaEGaeY eHeufydkif; 0wfjyKtpDtpOf naeydkif; tpDtpOfü ½dk;oGm;jcif;r&Sd? y&dowfwdkY\ pdwf0ifpm;pm;rIudk avsmhroGm;apbJ yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh a[majyma0iSEdkifcJhonfudk awGUcJh&onf/ "r®oDcsif;a[mif;ü oDuHk;a&;om;ouJhodkY

ajym&ef0w¦Kwpfyk'f&Sday? emcHaomolwdkYtzdkUum;? tqmiwfajyap\? Nidrfoufjcif; csrf;om&Sdap\? bkef;wefcdk;tmEkabmfawmfawGU&? uREkfyfpdwf&Tifvrf;? oDqdk? 0w¦Ka[mif; wpfyk'fu uREkfyfwdkYtm; cspfaMumif;udkajym? ajym&ef 0w¦Kwpfyk'f&Sday? uREkfyfpdwf0dnmOf csD;rGrf; oDqdkzdkUajym&ef 0w¦Kwpfyk'fu a,½Iociftm cspfaMumif;udkajym? ajym&ef?

(ajymjy&ef 0w¦Kwpfyk'f&Sday}} 1834 -1911 at uwfo&def;tefuD) NyD;aemuf taygif;toif;zGJUjcif; udk tav;teufxm; *½kjyK&ygrnf/ uRefawmftvnfoGm;aom toif;awmfwpfyg;\ oif;tkyfq&mBuD;u toif;om;rsm;udk ½dkif;pkdif;pdkif; bk&m;ausmif;tjyifodkY ESifxkwfonfh tjzpftysuf udk awGU&í uRefawmfESpf&SnfMum pdwfraumif;jzpf&onf/ xdkolonf toif;om;^olrsm;udk bk&m; ausmif;tjyifbufodkY ESifxkwfcJhNyD; bk&m;ausmif;udk aomhcwfxm;um wpfukd,fwnf;txD;usefqefpGm aexkdifjyKrlcJhonfudk wu,fBuHkawGUzl;ygonf/

vlwpfa,mufu olonf qefazem'dk jrpf0Srf;a'o&Sd xifay:ausmfMum;aom toif;awmfodkY wpfESpfywfvkH; tywfwkdif; 0wfjyKcJhjcif;ü yg0ifjzpfonf[k a[mjycJhonf/ toif;0wfjyKjcif;ü uREfkyftm; vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ qufqHajymqdkol r&SdcJh? wpfpHkwpfa,mufurS olUqDudk oGm;a&mufNyD;pum;ajymj jcif; r&SdcJhyg/ rSwfrd&oavmuf vlwpfOD;uyJ uREkfyftm; Ekwfqufpum;ajymzl;onfudk ajymjycJhonf/ wpfESpfvHk;vHk; wpfa,mufuyJ pum;ajycJhzl;onfudk ajymjycJhonf/ rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufurS pum;ajymqufqHcJhjcif; r&Sdolonf ,ckuREkfyfwdkY toif;awmf\ oif;axmufq&m a'gufwmc&pöwdkzmt,fvfauuef jzpfonf/

a'oEÅ&toif;awmfrsm;ü taygif;toif;zGJUjcif;onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a0iS&mü xda&mufpGm tusdK;oufa&mufapygonf/ a,½kqvif&Sd toif;awmfonf ]]taygif;toif;zGJUjcif; udk tpOftNrJ}} aqmif&GufcJhonf/ (wref 2;42) xdktoif;awmfonf ]]rsufESmyGifhvef;jcif;tcGifhudk &&SdMuonfudk thhHMop&mr[kwfcJhyg/ u,fwifjcif;odkY a&mufaomolwdkUudkvnf; aeYpOfrjywf ocifbk&m;onf oif;0ifapawmfrlonf}} [k (wref 2;47) üazmfjycJhygonf/ a,½Ibk&m;u ppfrSefaom cspfjcif;arwåmjzifh toif;awmftxJü wpfOD;udkwpfOD; cspfcifMuNyD; aysmufqHk;aeaom urÇmBuD;xJ xdkarwåmudk jyoMu&ef ,HkMunfolwdkYtm; ajymMum;cJhygonf/

]]oifwdkYonf tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf cspfMuavmh/ igonf oifwkdYudk cspfonfenf;wl tcsif;csif; cspfMuavmh[k ynpfopfudk igay;\/ oifwkdYonf tcsif;csif; cspfMuvQif vltaygif;wdkYonf xdkarwåmudk axmufí oifwdkYonf ig\ wynfhjzpfMuonfudk od&Muvdrfhrnf[k rdefawmfhrl\/ (a,m[ef 13;34-35)/

xdkUtwGufaMumifh wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf cspfcifpGm aeMuzdkU&ef a,½Ibk&m;u trdefUay;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/

]]igynwff[lrlum; igonfoifwdkYudk cspfonfenf;wl oifwdkYonf tcsif;csif;cspfMuavmh (a,m[ef 15;12)/ }}

avmtdef*s,fvdwfNrdKU? yxrw½kwfESpfjcif; toif;awmf? uREkfyf\ vufOD;oif;tkyfq&mu xdkocifhtrdefYawmftay: tus,fwpf0ef; &Sif;vif;jycJh\/ a'gufwm awarmao ajymMum;onfrSm?

      wrefawmfwdkUtm;jzifh trdefUawmfudk vufcH&&SdcJhjcif;jzpf\/ (a,m 15;12) xdkolwkdUonf trdefYawmfudk emcHvQuf opöm&SdpGm vufawGUusifhoHk;Muonf/ tusdK;aus;Zl;tm;jzifh wpfOD;udkwpfOD; cspfcifav;pm;pGmjzifhd toif;awmfü yg0ifcJhMu\/ r,HkMunfolwdkYtzdkU rSwfom;zG,f cspfcif,k,jcif;? wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ½dkaoav;pm;jcif;jzifh BudK;pm;aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/ ]]wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf cspfMuavmh}} [lonf trdefUawmfudk toif;awmftwGif;ü tvdktavsmuf od&SdcH,lxm;&rnf *gxmuJhodkUaeUpOf zwf&Guf&ygrnf/ odkYygaomfvnf; av;eufaom arwåmawmfudk oabmraygufcJhygu wpfOD;udkwpfOD; *½kpdkufjcif;&Sdrnf r[kwfay/ 4if;arwåm&Sdjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocif xkdtoif;awmfü wnf&Sdaeonfudk od&SdEkdifayrnf/ xdkokdY jyKrloltay:odkY bk&m;&Sifausmif;BuD;oufa&mufayrnf jzpfonf/ (Thmothy Lin Ph.D. The secret of Church Growth, First Chinese Baptist Church of LosAngeles, 1992, P.33)

oif;tkyfq&m a'gufwmvif;u trIawmfaqmif&GufpOfwpfavQmuf ''Koinona" (rdwfo[m,) wpfOD;udkwpfOD; cspfjcif;udk tav;ay;vkyfaqmifcJygonf/ xkdodkY BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifjcif;\ tusdK;&v'fu toif;awmfü toif;om; wpf&momom&Sdaom toif;awmfonf rMumrD toif;om; 2000 ausmfavmuf wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;cJhonf/

dkuJhodkY a,½IqvifNrdKUtoif;awmfüvnf; tpm;tpmrsm;udk twltuG pm;oHk;jcif;jzifh taygif;toif;zGJUjcid;udk tpOfvkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/ 0wfjyKjcif;tpDtpOfrsm;udk &yfwefYypfNyD; tdrfü jzpfap? pm;aomufqdkifrsm;üjzpfap? pm;aomufMujcif; rjyKcJhMuyg/ ]]xdkolrsm;wdkYonf tpOfrjywf ]]taygif;toif;zGJUjcif;? rkefUudkzJhí 0wfjyKjcif;udk tpOfvkyfaqmifMuonf[kom azmfjyxm;ygonf (wref 2;42)/ ]]ueOD;toif;awmfwdkYü ocifhbk&m;\ npmpm;yGJESifh qufpyfí wrefawmfrsm;vnf; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; ydkí&if;ESD;rI&SdapzdkY twltuG tpmoHk;aqmifjcif; rdwfo[m,udk tNrJjyKMucJhonf/ (William MacDonold Believer's Bible Commertory Thomas Nelson Publishers 1995, P 1588 note on Acts 2:42).

vlrsm;wdkUonfvnf; xdkarwåmudk axmuf½IMuvQuf c&pfawmfbk&m;ü ,HkMunfolc&pf,mefrsm; jzpfvmMuNyD; twlwuGaygif;azmfMuum toif;awmftay:ü ]]olwpfyg;tm; auR;arG;apmifha&SmufzdkY tcsif;csif; cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&ef qHk;rMo0g' ay;MucJhygonf/ (MacDonold, ibid).

tqHk;owftaejzifh yXmemjyKjcif;udk txl;*½kpdkufvkyfaqmifMuonfudk awGU&ygonf/ ]]yXme jyKjcif;udk tNrJaqmif&Gufí aeMu\}} [k (wref 2;42) ü azmfjycJhonf/ yifawukawåaeYonf wnDwnGwfwnf; BudK;pm;íqkawmif; yiSmemjyKjcif;rS pwifcJhygonf/

]]xdkoltaygif;wdkYonf a,½I\r,fawmfrm&drS pí rdef;rwdkYESifhvnf;aumif;?nDawmfwdkY ESifhvnf;aumif;? wnDwnGwfwnf; BudK;pm;íqkawmif;yXmejyKvQuf aeMu\}} (wrefawmf 1;14)/

]]yifawukawåyGJaeY a&mufaomtcg xkdoltaygif;wdkUonf wnDwnGwfwnf; pka0;í aeMu\/ (wref 2;1)

wrefawmf 1;14 ü azmfjyaom ]]wnDwnGwfwnf; BudK;pmí qkawmif;}} Muonf[laom pum;vHk;udk rSwfom;apvdkygonf/ a'gufwmwDarmaovif; jyefqdk&mwGif ]] tvm;wlpdwftwkdif;yJ}} [k jyefqdkonf/ ,aeUtoif;awmfrsm;rsm; 0wfjyKjcif;txJü wnDwnGwfwnf; qdkjcif;udk pGefUypfcJh Muonf/ aMuuGJ0rf;enf;zG,f jzpf&yfBuHKawGU&Muonf/ rMumcifrSmyJ toif;awmf &maxmifcsDwdk;yGm;zdkY tvsifpvdk vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/ twlwuG qkawmif;jcif;udk zsufodrf;cJhMuNyD/ ,cktcgwGif rsm;pGmapm c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm;onf ½kyfjrifoHMum;udkom 0wfjyKMuNyD; t&Sifocifudk arhavsmhaeMuygNyD wu,fudk 0rf;enf;p&maumif;aeNyDjzpfonf/ (Timothy Lin, Ph.D Ibid, PP.94-95).

]]xkdolrsm;onf wrefawmfwdkY\ qHk;rMo0g'udk cHjcif;? taygif;toif;zGJUjcif;? rkefUudkzJh jcif;? yXmejyKjcif;wkdUudk tNrJaqmif&Gufí aeMu\/ (wref 2;42)/

]]u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufaom olwdkUudk aeYpOfrjywf ocifbk&m;onf oif;0ifapawmfrl\ (wref 2;47)/

xdkolwdkYü "r®oDcsif;pmtkyfvnf; r&Sdao;yg/ Projectors (rD;tvif;xdk;puf) r&Sdao;yg/ a0pmvnf;r&Sd? usrf;pmtkyfyif r&SdcJhao;yg/ bmaMumifhenf;? rdwåLul;pufr&Sdao;í jzpfygonf/ xkduJhodkY t&mrsm;r&Sdao;aomfvnf; a,½IqvifNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfonf toif;^ol 5000 ausmf wdk;yGm;cJhonf/ xdkrQruao;yg/ xkdolwdkUonf {0Ha*vd owif;awmfa0iScJhMuonf/ twlwuG aygif;azmf rdwfo[m, jyKcJhMuonf/ twlwuG pm;aomufcJhMuonf/ twlwuG qkawmif;yXmejyKaecJhMuonf/ xdkodkY tpOftNrJ aqmif&GufrItay: bk&m;ocifonf olwdkUudk aumif;BuD;oGef;avmif;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ a'gufwmzdvpfpucf ajymMum;cJhonfrSm?

rsm;jym;pGmaom c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm; (odkYr[kwf) ueOD;tac: wynfhawmfrsm;onf rsm;rMumrD ,HkMunfolaygif; 5000 txd wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;cJhMuonf/ xdk,HkMunfolrsm; onf wrefawmfwdkY\ qdkqHk;rpum;udk emcHMuNyD; twlwuG aygif;azmfjcif;udk jyKcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocifudk 0wfjyKudk;uG,fcJhMuonf/ ocifbk&m;\ npmpm;yGJudk tNrJaqmif&GufcJhMuonf/ tcsif;csif;rdwfo[m,zdkY twlwuG pm;aomufcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pk0ifrsm; jzpfMuonf[k tm;vHk;oabmaygufcJhMuonf/ toD;oD; aom cE¨udk,fonf OD;acgif;wpfckwnf;ü qufxm;ouJhodkY uREfkyfwdkYvnf; c&pfawmf OD;acgif;\ udk,ft*Fg&yfrsm; jzpfMuonfudk em;vnfcJhMuygonf/ (Philp Schaff, Ph.D, History of the Christian Church, wm. B. Eerdmans. Publishing Company, 1975 reprint Volume 1, P. 247).

a'gufwm*Reftm&f½dkufpf ajymMum;ouJhodkY ]]a,½IqvifNrdKU toif;awmf wdk;yGm;jcif;onf urÇmESifh t0Srf; a*vdowif;aumif; us,fjyefYzdkUtvdkUiSm c&pf,mef ,HkMunfolwdkUtwGuf yHkerlemaumif; usef&pfapjcif; jzpfygonf/ (Rice, Ibid)/

a,½Ibk&m; rdefUMum;onfrSm?

]]vrf;r? vrf;Mum;odkUoGm;í awGUorQaomolwdkUudk yGJodkYac:zdwfMu[k trdefUawmf &Sdonfhtwdkif; }} (róJ 22;9)/

a&SUqufNyD; qkawmif;yXmejyKMuygpdkY? xdrf;jrm;r*FvmaqmifyGJodkY vludk zdwfac:MuygpdkY? a'oEÅ&toif; awmfodkY {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;emcHapzdkU vlopfrsm;udk zdwfac:MuygpdkU? cspfjcif;arwåmESifh olwpfyg; tm; arwåmjycspfcif MuygpdkY? txufygazmfjyorQwdkYtm; twlwuGqkawmif;jcif;ü aygif;pnf;MuygpdkU? u,fwifjcif; tvdkYiSm wwlwuG yXem jyKMuygpdkU? a'gufwm½dkufpf\ oHpOfcsdKoDcsif; em;axmifMu&atmif?

&dwfodrf;csdefonf rMumrSDukefqHk;awmhrnf
   aumufvdIif;rsm;aqmif,lvQuf tdrfjyefMurnf
pyg;&Sifa,½IocifxH a&muf&Sdawmhrnf
   om"k? opöm&Sdi,fom;aumif;[k tNyHK;rsufESmjzifh qD;MudKrnf
,aeYonfum; &dyfodrf;csdef BudK;rsm;vkyfaqmif&ef
   aysmufqHk;0dnmOf zrf;qD;u,fwif&ef?
ysufpD;rD;i&JrS oifhtaqGrsm;tm u,fwifyg
   ,aeYonf tjypfom;rsm;udk u,fwif&efjzpf\/
(tcsdefeD;NyD? a'gufwm *Reftm&f½dkufpf 1895-1980)

oifonf tjypfom;rsm;qDodkU oGm;a&mufNyD; ac:aqmifvmrSmvm;? oifxdkuJhodkY vkyfaqmifEkdifrnf taMumif; qkawmif;ay;yg\/ u,fwif&Sif\ trdefYawmfudk emcHvQuf tpOfwpdkuf aysmufqHk;0dnmOfrsm; zrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmolwdkYtzdkU bk&m;ocifaumif;BuD;oGef;avmif;ygapaomif?

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onf/www.realconversion.com ESdyfyg ]]w&m;a'oempmrl}}

You may email Dr. Hymers at rlhymersjr@sbcglobal.net, (Click Here) –
or you may write to him at P.O. Box 15308, Los Angeles, CA 90015.
Or phone him at (818)352-0452.

- a'oemawmfrwkdifcif a'gufwm *&dwfweftm&fcsefrS &Sifvkum 9; 1-6 ukd zwfMum;ay;onf/
- w&m;a'oemrwkdifcif rpöwm bif*srifcifudwf*&dzufpfrS 1895-1580 ckESpf a'gufwm
                   *Reftm&f½dkufpf oDuHk;aom ]]tcsdefeD;uyfNyD}} udk usL;{ay;ygonf/